|
Television
With No Borders / GIVE
P
We
Preserve The Moment /
KASLC
N-Z
This is the second half of a guide to the
alphabet soup of often-obscure names for
organizations and technologies in public
broadcasting and the electronic media.
___________________________
NAATA: The National Asian American
Telecommunications Association, founded in 1980,
produces, acquires and distributes Asian American
programming for radio and TV. It is one of five
minority production groups funded by CPB.
Executive Director: Edward G.
Wong
National Asian American Telecommunications
Association
346 9th St., 2nd Floor
San Francisco, CA 94103
415-863-0814
Fax: 415-863-7428
E-mail: naata@naatanet.org
Web: www.naatanet.org
NARRS: The National Association of Radio
Reading Services changed its name in 1999 to the
International Association of Audio Information
Services. See IAAIS.
NABIPB: The National Association of
Blacks in Public Broadcasting (formerly Blacks in
Public Radio) was organized in 1987 by a group of
station managers, producers and others to represent
the interests and perspectives of blacks in public
radio. BIPB identifies issues, shares information
about national programming and policy decisions and
promotes members' points of view to public
broadcasting.
National Association of
Blacks in Public Broadcasting
P.O. Box 73617
Washington, DC 20009
Fax: 202-234-8264
NAB: The National Association of
Broadcasters is the television and radio industry's
primary lobbying and trade organization. It largely
represents the interests of commercial
broadcasting, though 400 of its 6,000 members are
public broadcasting organizations.
President: Edward O.
Fritts
National Association of Broadcasters
1771 N St., N.W.
Washington, DC 20036
202-429-5300
Fax: 202-775-3520
E-mail: ssiroky@nab.org
Web: www.nab.org
NAEB: The National Association of
Educational Broadcasters, no longer in existence,
began in 1925 as ACUBS, the Association of College
and University Broadcasting Stations, which
represented a few small stations. It developed the
major national educational radio and TV program
distribution systems, superceded by NPR and PBS in
the 1970s, and it was instrumental in gaining
federal support for the field. Until it folded in
1981, NAEB was public broadcasting's primary
professional association. Current, the
biweekly newspaper that covers public broadcasting,
was launched in NAEB's last days and resumed
publication in 1982 under separate auspices.
NABA: The North American Broadcasters
Association was formed in 1978 to represent
Canadian, U.S. and Mexican broadcasters at
gatherings of international broadcast
organizations. CPB pays annual fees for itself and
other groups, giving public broadcasters in the
U.S. a passport to international broadcasting.
(NABA was formerly known as NANBA, North
American National Broadcasters Association.)
Secretary-General: Bill
Roberts
North American Broadcasters Association
P.O. Box 500, Station A
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5W 1E6
416-598-9877
Fax: 416-598-9774
Web: www.nabanet.com
NANBA: See NABA above.
NAPT: Native American Public
Telecommunications, Inc., formed in 1977 to
promote, produce and distribute Native American TV
and radio programming, is one of five minority
production and distribution groups now funded by
CPB. Formerly known as Native American Public
Broadcasting Consortium (NAPBC), the organization
has done most of its work in TV, but it was the
original producer of the public radio talk show,
Native America Calling.
Executive Director: Frank
Blythe
Native American Public Telecommunications
1800 N. 33rd St.
Lincoln, NE 68583
402-472-3522
Fax: 402-472-8675
E-mail: native@unl.edu
Web: www.nativetelecom.org
NARAS: The National Academy of Recording
Arts & Sciences, also known as the Recording
Academy, was established in 1957 and includes more
than 13,000 musicians, producers and other
recording professionals. It sponsors the Grammy
Awards and numerous outreach, professional
development, cultural enrichment and human services
projects.
President: Michael Greene
National Academy of Recording Arts &
Sciences
3402 Pico Blvd.
Santa Monica, CA 90405
310-392-3777
Fax: 310-392-9262
Web: www.grammy.com
NASBE: The National Association of State
Boards of Education is the lobbying group for the
heads of state boards of education.
Executive Director: Brenda
Lilienthal Welburn
National Association of State Boards of
Education
277 S. Washington St., Suite 10
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-684-4000
Fax: 703-836-2313
E-mail: boards@nasbe.org
Web: www.nasbe.org
NATAS: The 40-year-old National Academy
of Television Arts and Sciences is the New York
City-based organization that awards Emmys in the
categories of public service, news and
documentaries, engineering, sports and daytime
programs. Seventeen chapters hold Emmy competitions
in major cities and regions. NATAS also publishes
Television Quarterly magazine. The Los
Angeles-based sister organization, ATAS (Academy of
Television Arts and Sciences), presents the
primetime Emmys.
National Academy of
Television Arts and Sciences
111 W. 57th St., Suite 1050
New York, NY 10019
212-586-8424
Web: www.internetgroup.com/natas
NATPE: The National Association of
Television Program Executives, a 1,700-member group
of programmers (most in commercial TV), was formed
in 1962. Its annual program conference is the
largest marketplace for syndicated TV
programming.
President: Bruce Johansen
National Association of Television Program
Executives
2425 Olympic Blvd., Suite 600E
Santa Monica, CA 90404
310-453-4440
Fax: 310-453-5258
Web: natpe.org
NBPC: The National Black Programming
Consortium supports the development, production and
distribution of educationally and culturally
specific television and film programs by and about
Africans/African Americans. NBPC presents the
Prized Pieces Awards and provides assistance to
independent producers by serving as a fiscal agent
and identifying funding sources. It is one of five
minority consortia funded by CPB. NBPC, which has
relocated to Harlem, also has an office in
Pittsburgh.
Executive Director: Mable
Haddock
National Black Programming Consortium
145 E. 125th St., Suite 220
New York, NY 10035
212-828-7588
Fax: 212-828-7930
Web: www.nbpc.tv
E-mail: nbpcinfo@blackstarcom.org
NCI: The National Captioning Institute is
a nonprofit corporation established in 1979 and
supported by contracts with the Department of
Education and TV producers. NCI has popularized the
PBS-developed closed captioning system for
hearing-impaired viewers and created captioning for
many national productions. The WGBH Caption Center
had earlier popularized open captioning (which all
viewers can see) and it since has become a major
competitor of NCI in providing closed captions
(which can be seen only with special captioning
decoders). The FCC required that all TV sets made
since 1992 with 13-inch or larger screens must
include captioning decoders. Under the FCC
standard, broadcasters encode the captioning data
on line 21 of the TV signal's vertical blanking
interval. The new DTV system also includes closed
captioning capability.
President: Gene Chal
National Captioning Institute
1900 Gallows Road, #3000
Vienna, VA 22182
703-917-7600
Fax: 703-917-9878
E-mail: mail@ncicap.org
Web: www.ncicap.org
NCTA: The National Cable Television
Association, cable TV's lobbying group, steered the
Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 through
Congress.
President: Decker Anstrom
National Cable Television Association
1724 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20036
202-775-3669
Web: www.ncta.com
NEA: The National Endowment for the Arts
is a federal agency created in 1965 to support
American arts and artists. Another NEA, the
National Education Association, is the 2.5
million-member teachers' union.
Chairman: Bill Ivey
National Endowment for the Arts
1100 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20506
202-682-5400
Web: arts.endow.gov
NEH: The National Endowment for the
Humanities is a federal agency created in 1965 to
support research, education and public activity in
the humanities.
Chairman: William R.
Ferris
National Endowment for the Humanities
1100 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20506
202-606-8400
Web: www.neh.fed.us
NETA: The National
Educational Telecommunications Association was
organized in July 1997 by members of Southern
Educational Communications Association (SECA) and
the Pacific Mountain Network (PMN). NETA provides
representation, program acquisition and
distribution, and professional development services
to member stations and educational institutions
across the country. NETA operates NETA Educational
Resources (formerly EPS) and the National ITV
Satellite Schedule (NISS) and provides staff for
the Organization of State Broadcasting Executives
(OSBE), the Public Broadcasting Management
Association (PBMA), the Small Station Association,
the National Forum for Public Television Executives
and APTS. It also works closely with the Satellite
Educational Resources Consortium (SERC). The
predecessor organization, SECA, was founded in 1967
and was the largest of the four major regional
public TV associations (see CEN listing).
President: Skip Hinton
National Educational Telecommunications
Association
P.O. Box 50008
Columbia, SC 29250
or 939 Stadium Rd.
Columbia, SC 29201
803-799-5517
Fax: 803-771-4831
Web: www.netaonline.org
NFCB: The National Federation of
Community Broadcasters was organized in 1975 to
represent community-licensed radio
stations&emdash;generally low-budget, independents
of public radio. In 1995, the federation moved its
national office from Washington, D.C., to San
Francisco, where it shares quarters and staff with
WPR (Western Public Radio).
President: Carol Pierson
National Federation of Community Broadcasters
Fort Mason Center, Building D
San Francisco, CA 94123
415-771-1160
E-mail: nfcb@aol.com
Web: www.nfcb.org
NFFS: Nonfederal financial support is
CPB's term for the portion of a public broadcasting
station's income that is eligible to be matched by
federal aid &emdash; CPB's Community Service Grants
(CSGs). For every dollar contributed by CPB,
several come from nonfederal sources such as
audience contributions, underwriting grants and
state aid.
NFPB: National Friends of Public
Broadcasting, the association of volunteers at
public broadcasting stations, was founded with a
Carnegie Foundation grant in 1970 to promote
volunteerism in public TV. NFPB, now
self-supporting, advises stations on how to
organize volunteer fundraising programs and is a
resource for local volunteer groups.
Chairman: Carrie
Cinnamond
National Friends of Public Broadcasting
c/o WNET Friends of Thirteen
450 West 33rd St.
New York, NY 10001
212-560-2800
Fax: 212-560-2091
E-mail: nfpb@thirteen.org
NICEM: The National Information Center
for Educational Media maintains an international
database of information about educational media
materials. The 590,000 entries represent all
academic areas, age levels and media types. The
database is available to libraries, media centers,
producers and distributors, training directors and
others who need information on CD-ROM, online or in
print. The center was established by the University
of Southern California and is now owned by Access
Innovations.
Executive Director: Roy R.
Morgan
National Information Center for Educational
Media
P.O. Box 8640
Albuquerque, NM 87198-8640
800-926-8328, 505-998-0800
Fax: 505-998-3372
E-mail: nicem@nicem.com
Web: www.nicem.com
NISS: The National ITV Satellite Schedule
distributes frequently used classroom video
materials to public TV stations and schools across
the country. The partnership, managed by NETA, was
created in 1979 by PBS, CEN, PMN and SECA (now
NETA).
Contact: Maryanne Freeman
National ITV Satellite Schedule
P.O. Box 50,008
Columbia, SC 29250
803-799-5517
Web: www.netaonline.org/niss.htm
NITV: The nonprofit Network for
Instructional Television helps education and
related agencies establish, develop and promote
instructional television fixed service (ITFS) and
other education technologies.
President: Thomas Pyle
Network for Instructional Television
1595 Spring Hill Road, Suite 250
Vienna, VA 22180
703-860-9200
NLCC: The National Latino Communications
Center (formerly referred to as the Latino
Consortium) was one of the five minority program
production and distribution groups funded by CPB.
In 1999 it was replaced by the Latino Public
Broadcasting Project. See LPBP.
NPPAG: The National Program Production
and Acquisition Grants are smaller amounts that CPB
pays annually to qualified public radio stations in
addition to their Community Service Grants. When
CPB discontinued direct funding of NPR in 1986-87,
it put the money into NPPAGs, whichare intended to
be spent for national programming. Much of the
money ends up at NPR, but stations are free to
spend it for other syndicated programming.
NPR: National Public Radio, incorporated
in 1970, is the principal national producer and
distributor of news programming for public radio
stations. NPR also distributes independently
produced programming, operates public radio's
satellite interconnection system and is public
radio's primary lobbying group in Washington,
D.C.
President: Kevin Klose
National Public Radio
635 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20001-3753
202-414-2000
Fax: 202-414-3329
Web: www.npr.org
NTIA: An agency of the Department of
Commerce, the National Telecommunications and
Information Administration advises the president on
communications and information policy. It also
administers several grant programs, including the
Public Telecommunications Facilities Program (see
PTFP).
Assistant Secretary of
Commerce for Communications and Information: Greg
Rohde
National Telecommunications and Information
Administration
Department of Commerce, Room 4898
1401 Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20230
202-482-7002
Web: www.ntia.doc.gov
NTSC: The National Television Standards
Committee developed the black-and-white TV
broadcast system that was adopted by the FCC in
1942. The committee was convened again in 1950 to
develop a color TV standard, which the FCC adopted
in 1953 and which was compatible with broadcasts
using the original black-and-white standard. NTSC
is an analog transmission system that uses 525
scanning lines, broadcasting 30 complete frames per
second. (The image is interlaced: each frame is
transmitted in two separate scans, 1/60th of a
second apiece, each scan including every other line
of the picture.) The picture is modulated using an
amplitude modulated vestigial sideband scheme, and
the sound is sent by FM technology. Picture and
sound together occupy a channel of 6 MHz
bandwidth.
OSBE: The Organization of State
Broadcasting Executives is an interstate
collaboration of chief executive officers of state
public broadcasting networks and directors of
commissions and authorities with statewide public
broadcasting responsibilities. OSBE includes
representatives from 27 states, which operate
two-thirds of the public broadcasting stations in
the United States. NETA acts as secretariat for
OSBE.
Contact: Skip Hinton
Co-chairs: Susan Howarth and Eric Smith
Organization of State Broadcasting Executives
P.O. Box 50008
Columbia, SC 29250
803-799-5517
Fax: 310-788-7616
Web: www.netaonline.org
Pacifica Foundation: Pacifica operates
five public radio stations in Berkeley, Los
Angeles, Houston, Washington and New York City. It
also syndicates programming including the daily
Democracy Now and Pacifica Nightly
News to dozens of separately operated community
stations through its own Ku-band satellite network.
Known for its progressive politics, Pacifica put
its first station on-air in Berkeley in 1949 and
soon invented "listener support" with on-air fund
drives.
Chairman: David Acosta
Executive Director: Bessie Wash
Pacifica Foundation (National Programming
Office)
2390 Champlain St., N.W., Second Floor
Washington, D.C. 20009
202-588-0999
E-mail: pacno@pacifica.org
Web: www.pacifica.org
PacRim: The Pacific Rim Co-Production
Association, no longer active, was a group of
Asian, Australian, New Zealand, Canadian and U.S.
public TV organizations that worked together in
various groupings on co-productions.
PBMA: The Public Broadcasting Management
Association is an association of financial, human
resources, legal, information systems and
administrative managers of public TV and radio
stations. When founded in 1979 (as the Public
Telecommunications Financial Management
Association), most members were financial managers.
The association's affairs are managed by
NETA.
Chair: John Madden
Executive Director: Chuck McConnell
Public Broadcasting Management Association
P.O. Box 50008
Columbia, SC 29250
803-799-5517
PBS: The Public Broadcasting Service was
formed in 1969 to distribute public TV programming
nationally. PBS operates these program distribution
services: NPS (National Program Service), SIP
(Station Independence Program, for fundraising
specials), ALS (Adult Learning Service, for college
telecourses), PBS Select (individually syndicated
programs) and PBS Plus (fully underwritten
programs). PBS also manages the public TV satellite
interconnection system used by most distributors of
programming for public TV stations. In new media,
PBS operates PBS Video (videocassettes for schools
and colleges), PBS Home Video (in collaboration
with Turner Home Entertainment) and PBS Online.
President: Pat Mitchell
Public Broadcasting Service
1320 Braddock Place
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-739-5000
Fax: 703-739-0775
Web: www.pbs.org
PBS Express: This internal messaging
system, operated by PBS, allows for flexible text
communications among public TV stations and related
organizations. The system, which replaced DACS in
1996, was to be transmitted over a closed-circuit
satellite network, but since the failure of Telstar
401 in 1997, it has been on the Internet. The
system is based on First Class software with a
graphical user interface.
PI: The most common usage at stations is
"public information," referring to station
spokespersons. But in 1999 web entrepreneur Tom Lix
and PRI created Public Interactive, a partnership
that syndicates web services to public radio
stations' web sites. Early features included Public
Arts, Public Conversation and Public
NewsRoom.
President: Tom Lix
Public Interactive
180 Lincoln St.
Boston, MA 02111
617-423-4491
Fax: 617-423-4498
E-mail: frontdesk@publicinteractive.com
Web: www.publicinteractive.com
PIC: Pacific Islanders in Communications
was established to increase public broadcasting
programming by and about indigenous Pacific
Islanders. It provides media funds, training and
outreach programs. PIC is one of five minority
consortia funded by CPB.
Executive Director: Carlyn
Tani
Pacific Islanders in Communications
1221 Kapiolani Blvd. #6A-4
Honolulu, HI 96814
808-591-0059
Fax: 808-591-1114
E-mail: info@piccom.org
Web: www.piccom.org
PMN: Pacific Mountain Network, once one
of four regional public TV networks (see CEN
listing), ceased operations as an association of
station licensees in 1997. However, it still exists
as a corporation. NETA and CEN welcomed PMN's
former member stations. PMN was formed in 1978 and
sponsored FirstView, a yearly screening of new
instructional TV programs. It helped form the
Television Ratings Analysis Consortium, now an
independent audience data analysis company (see
TRAC Media Services).
Contact: Ron Bornstein
Pacific Mountain Network
520-825-8494
Fax: 520-825-8493
PMN TRAC: This was the name of TRAC Media
Services when it was associated with PMN.
P.O.V. Named for the
movie-industry acronym for "point of view," this
continuing series is assembled by the American
Documentary Inc. and distributed by PBS. It serves
as a summer showcase for independent nonfiction
films.
Executive Director: Cara
Mertes
The American Documentary Inc.
P.O. Box 750, Old Chelsea Station
New York, NY 10113
212-989-8121
E-mail: pov@pov.org
Web: www.pbs.org/pov
PRADO: The Public Radio Association of
Development Officers, a professional group of
fundraisers working in the field, often meets at
Development Exchange conferences.
Contact: Betsy Harman
Public Radio Association of Development
Officers
c/o WBEZ
848 E. Grand Ave.&emdash;Navy Pier
Chicago, IL 60611
312-832-9150
Fax: 312-832-3100
E-mail: bharman@wbez.org
Web: www.pradoweb.org
PRC: The Public Radio Conference is
public radio's major annual gathering, with a focus
on management issues. In recent years, much of the
discussion of programming topics has moved to the
fall conference sponsored by the Public Radio
Program Directors Association (see PRPD). The first
Public Radio Conference, held in 1971, was
sponsored by NPR and CPB. It is now organized by
NPR, with limited involvement of PRI.
Public Radio Conference
Contact: Alma Long
NPR
202-414-2755
PRC: Public Radio Capital is a nonprofit
company created to fiind financing for the
expansion of public radio. Created by Station
Resources Group (SRG) in 2000-2001, PRC serves as
broker for purchase of stations and facilitator for
borrowing through the sale of tax-exempt bonds.
Contact: Marc Hand,
303-781-5101, mohand@aol.com
Susan Harmon, 765-284-4209, meyerhar@aol.com
Bruce Theriault, 303-823-2309, brtheriault@earthlink.net
Public Radio Capital
12002 Twilight
Longmont, CO 80503
Web: www.pubcab.org
PRG: The Program Resources Group, which
began in the summer of 1992, is an ad hoc program
service run by 14 PTV stations, whose broadcast
areas overlap with those of other public TV
outlets. PRG organizes group buys of syndicated and
imported shows to give those stations exclusive,
unduplicated programming.
Contact: Al Rose
Program Resources Group/WLIW
1790 Broadway, 16th Floor
New York, New York 10019
212-974-3901
PRI: Public Radio International, formerly
American Public Radio, was created in 1982 when
Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) President William
Kling and four public radio stations &emdash;
WNYC-AM/FM, New York; WGUC-FM, Cincinnati; KQED-FM,
San Francisco; and KUSC-FM, Los Angeles &emdash;
established a network to distribute cultural
programs produced by stations. The network
distributes an extensive line-up of music and
public affairs programming to hundreds of affiliate
stations, most of which are also NPR members.
Notable programs include A Prairie Home
Companion, Whad'Ya Know? and
Marketplace. PRI plans to increase its own
role in production, and is the major force behind
the international news program The
World.
President: Stephen Salyer
Public Radio International
100 N. 6th St., Suite 900A
Minneapolis, MN 55403
612-338-5000
Fax: 612-330-9222
Web: www.pri.org/
PRIMA: Public Radio in Mid-America is the
largest of the regional groups of public radio
stations. PRIMA represents member stations to NPR
and other Washington organizations.
President: Bruce Haines
Public Radio in Mid-America
c/o WBNI-FM
3204 Clairmont St.
Ft. Wayne, IN 46898
219-452-1189
Fax: 219-452-1188
E-mail: bhaines@wbni.org
Web: www.prima.org
PRISA: The Public Radio Internet Service
Alliance grew out of an informal meeting in 1998 of
a dozen public radio stations interested in
developing joint services for use on stations' web
sites.
Consultant: Mark Fuerst
914-266-4725
PRNDI: Public Radio News Directors Inc.
was organized to articulate the concerns of public
radio journalists. It publishes a newsletter,
bestows awards and holds an annual conference.
President: Peter Iglinski
Public Radio News Directors, Inc.
c/o WXXI-FM
P.O. Box 21
Rochester, NY 14601
716-258-0246
Web: www.prndi.org
PRO: Public Radio
Online was Minnesota Public Radio's service that
developed and syndicated the Radio Scout search
tool for public radio stations' web sites. PRO was
announced in 1998 and effectively merged into
eXploreRadio, a collaboration with NPR that was
unveiled the next
year.
Vice President for New
Media: Jon
McTaggart
Minnesota Public
Radio
45 E. 7th St.
St. Paul, MN 55101
651-290-1281
Web: publicradio.org
and radioscout.org
Promax International: The nonprofit
organization in advertising, promotion and
marketing for the electronic media was formerly
known as BPME (Broadcast Promotion and Marketing
Executives). It was formed in 1956 as the Broadcast
Promotion Association. Promax holds its annual
conference in conjunction with the
Broadcast Designers
Association.
Promax International
2029 Century Park East, Suite 555
Los Angeles, CA 90067-2906
310-788-7600
Fax: 310-788-7616
President: Glynn Brailsford
Web: www.promax.org
PRPD: Until the Public Radio Program
Directors organized in 1985, programmers at public
stations had no single voice or forum. PRPD serves
public radio stations with programming information,
training and consulting services. Its annual
conference in the fall is one of the largest in
public broadcasting.
President: Marcia Alvar
Public Radio Program Directors Association
517 Ocean Front Walk, Suite 10
Venice, CA 90291
310-664-1591
Fax: 310-664-1592
E-mail: info@prpd.org
Web: www.prpd.org
PTFMA: See PBMA.
PTOA: The Public Television Outreach
Alliance, a consortium of five public TV stations,
is the field's major provider and coordinator of
community outreach activities and training. Since
1987, PTOA has developed annual outreach projects
and related broadcast specials to raise awareness
of important issues, encourage community dialogue,
suggest solutions and promote change.
Interim Executive Director:
Lee Allen
Public Television Outreach Alliance
2775 S. Quincy St.
Arlington, VA 22206
703-998-2806
Web: www.ptoa.org
RTL: The PBS Ready to Learn Service is a
lineup of television programs for young children.
The service includes a video and print curriculum
for preschoolers preparing for their school
careers. The concept was introduced by the late
Ernest Boyer, author and former federal education
official. Congress assists in funding the service
with appropriations to CPB and PBS through the
Department of Education.
PBS Ready to Learn
Service
Web: www.pbs.org/learn/rtl
PTFP: The Public Telecommunications
Facilities Program, a grant program operated by
NTIA in the U.S. Department of Commerce, is a major
source of matching grants for the purchase of
broadcast equipment by public TV and radio
stations.
Director: William
Cooperman
Public Telecommunications Facilities Program
Department of Commerce, Room 4625
1401 Constitution Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20230
202-482-5802
Fax: 202-482-2156
E-mail: ptfp@ntia.doc.gov
Web: www.ntia.doc.gov/otiahome/ptfp/
PTPA: Public Television Programmers
Association is an individual-member association of
public television station executives directly
involved in acquisition and scheduling of programs
at public television stations. The association was
launched by TRAC Media Services and shares quarters
with TRAC.
Chief Executive Officer:
Judith LeRoy
Public Television Programmers Association
Box 65120
Tucson, AZ 85728
520-299-1866
PUR and PUT: Persons Using Radio
and Persons Using Television are measures of the
general level of the radio or TV audience at a
given time in a market. See also HUT.
RMPR: Rocky Mountain Public Radio, a
regional public radio organization spun off from
the Rocky Mountain Corporation for Public
Broadcasting, represents the interests of member
stations in issues involving CPB and NPR.
President: John Stark
Rocky Mountain Public Radio
c/o KNAU-FM
Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, AZ 86011
520-523-5620
Fax: 520-523-7647
RRC: The Radio Research Consortium's
primary job is to broker, on behalf of its 200
member stations, the purchase of Arbitron and Birch
audience data and interpret and analyze it. RRC,
formed in 1981, reflects public radio's recent
emphasis on building its audience and producing
programs that generate money.
Radio Research Consortium
P.O. Box 1309
Olney, MD 20830-1309
301-774-6686
Fax: 301-774-097
E-mail: rrci@aol.com
Web: www.rrconline.org
RTNDA: The Radio-Television News
Directors Association is the leading organization
representing journalists working in the electronic
media. RTNDA, formed in 1946, also provides
training and research for its nearly 3,000
members.
President: Barbara
Cochran
Radio-Television News Directors Association
1000 Connecticut Ave., N.W., #615
Washington, DC 20036
202-659-6510
Fax: 202-223-4007
E-mail: rtnda@rtnda.org
Web: www.rtnda.org
SAP: The Separate Audio Program channel,
a secondary capability of stereo television
transmissions, allows TV broadcasters, including
PBS and public TV stations, to deliver a second
soundtrack for enhanced services such as
second-language soundtracks or DVS (Descriptive
Video Service). Only stereo TV sets containing SAP
decoders are capable of receiving SAP audio. (Look
for the little SAP switch on the control
panel.)
SBE: The Society of Broadcast Engineers
Inc., formed in 1963, represents the profession's
interests, operates a professional certification
program and holds technical conferences.
Executive Director: John
Poray
Society of Broadcast Engineers
9247 North Meridian St., Suite 305
Indianapolis, IN 46260
317-846-9000
Fax: 317-846-9120
Web: www.sbe.org
SDTV: Standard Definition Television
refers to digital TV broadcasts that provide about
as much detail as ordinary analog broadcasts.
Digital SDTV pictures will have 480 lines.
Technologists expect that a digital TV channel will
be able to carry, simultaneously, four or more SDTV
programs, or some combination of HDTV, SDTV and
other services.
SECA: The Southern Educational
Communications Association, once one of the four
major regional public TV networks, was succeeded by
the National Educational Telecommunications
Association in 1997. See NETA.
SERC: The Satellite Educational Resources
Consortium, pronounced "sir-see," was formed in
1988 to make instructional TV available to students
who would not have access to higher-level studies.
Supported in part by federal Star Schools grants,
SERC delivers instructional programming by
satellite to schools in member states and cities.
See also Star Schools.
Contact: Skip Hinton
Satellite Educational Resources Consortium
P.O. Box 50008
Columbia, SC 29250
803-252-2782
Fax: 803-252-5320
E-mail: serc@serc.org
Web: www.serc.org
Sesame Workshop: This nonprofit
television program production house, known for 30
years as Children's Television Workshop (CTW),
revolutionized children's television with Sesame
Street.
President: Gary Knell
Sesame Workshop/Children's Television Workshop
One Lincoln Plaza
New York, NY 10023
212-595-3456
Web: www.sesameworkshop.org
SIP: The Station Independence Program is
a PBS-administered station cooperative established
in 1974 to provide special programs, advertising
and promotional material, market research and
premium information to assist stations with on-air
fundraising drives.
Vice President: Alan
Foster
Station Independence Program
PBS
1320 Braddock Place
Alexandria, VA 22314
SIPP: The Station Independents
Partnership Production fund of ITVS provided
matching production grants (up to $50,000 each) to
production partnerships between public TV stations
and independent producers. See LInCS.
SMPTE: The Society of Motion Picture
& Television Engineers is an organization of
visual arts professionals that works to establish
technical standards for lighting, equipment and
film. SMPTE was founded for the movie industry as
SMPE in 1916.
Executive Director: Frederick
C. Motts
Society of Motion Picture & Television
Engineers
595 W. Hartsdale Ave.
White Plains, NY 10607-1824
914-761-1100
Fax: 914-761-3115
E-mail: smpte@smpte.org
Web: www.smpte.org
SPC: PBS's Station Program Cooperative,
discontinued in 1990, was an annual program market
that brought together station funding for major
national programs. In the six-month-long process,
stations "voted" to buy programs, and those that
drew the greatest "buying power" became part of the
"universal buy." Other programs had to charge
higher prices per station. PBS now delegates most
of this authority to staff programmers.
SPR: Southern Public Radio is the
regional organization that represents public radio
stations in the Southeast; it was created after
SECA discontinued radio activities.
President: Roger Sarow
Southern Public Radio
c/o WFAE-FM
8801 J.M. Keynes Drive, Suite 91
Charlotte, NC 28262
704-549-9323
Fax: 704-549-9323
E-mail: rsarow@mindspring.com
SRG: Tom Thomas and Theresa Clifford, who
helped form the National Federation of Community
Broadcasters, organized the Station Resource Group
in 1984 to represent member public radio stations
on national issues. During NPR's 1980s financial
crisis, SRG helped define the structure that now
gives most of CPB's radio funds directly to the
stations rather than to NPR. It is now building a
capital fund to enable the expansion of public
radio into markets where it is underrepresented.
SRG member stations collaborate on development,
planning and representation activities.
Co-CEOs: Theresa R. Clifford
and Thomas J. Thomas
Station Resource Group
6935 Laurel Ave., Suite 202
Takoma Park, MD 20912
301-270-2617
Fax: 301-270-2618
E-mail: tclifford@pop.dn.net
or tthomas@pop.dn.net
Web: www.srg.org
SSA: Noel Smith, as station manager of
KNCT-TV, Killeen, Tex., founded the Small Station
Association in 1987 to serve as a forum for small
public TV stations (with annual budgets of $2
million or less).
National Coordinator: Ron
Salak
Small Station Association
c/o KWRG
New Mexico State University
P.O. Box 30001
Las Cruces, NM 88003
506-646-2222
Star Schools Program: The U.S. Department
of Education's Star Schools Program, authorized in
1988, is one of the largest groups of public and
private partners striving to build educators'
capacity to make effective use of the information
superhighway. The program encourages improved
instruction in math, science, reading and other
subjects and to serve underserved populations, such
as those with low incomes, physical disabilities
and limited English proficiency.
Star Schools Program
Office of Educational Research and Development
Learning Technologies Division
U.S. Department of Education
555 New Jersey Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20208-5645
202-219-2186
Fax: 202-208-4042
Web: www.ed.gov/prog_info/StarSchools
E-mail: Joseph_Wilkes@ed.gov
Telstar 401: This AT&T satellite was
the prime delivery vehicle for public television
services until it failed in January 1997. Most
feeds were switched to Telstar 402R before moving
to General Electric's GE-3 and GE-1 satellites in
October 1997.
TRAC Media Services: Nielsen audience
and market data for public TV programs were not
regularly analyzed until 1979. The Television
Rating Analysis Consortium was organized by the
Pacific Mountain Network for the purpose. TRAC
"crunches the numbers" for public TV stations and
other public broadcasters, and conducts research
and development to improve on-air pledging
effectiveness. The private company, now independent
of PMN, also serves as secretariat for the Public
Television Programmers Association (PTPA) and holds
several annual events for station programmers.
Co-directors: Judith and
David LeRoy
TRAC Media Services
P.O. Box 65120
Tucson, AZ 85728
520-299-1866
Fax: 520-577-6077
E-mail:
info@tracmedia.com
Web: www.tracmedia.com
TSL: Time Spent Listening is a
measurement of the radio audience, the hours and
minutes that the average listener spends with one
or all radio stations during a given time
period.
TVO: TVOntario is the government-funded
educational broadcasting authority in Ontario. It
is one of North America's largest producers of
children's, science and documentary programs.
TVOntario
P.O. Box 200, Station Q
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4T 2TI
800-613-0513, 416-484-2600
Web: www.tvo.org
TVOntario U.S.
Office
1140 Kildaire Farm Road
Suite 308
Cary, NC 27511
800-331-9566
U.S. Manager of Sales: Beth Garrett
URL: The Uniform Resource Locator is the
Internet address of a web page, image or other file
on the Internet.
USPTV IC: The U.S. Public Television
International Consortium was created in 1987 and
disbanded 10 years later. It was developed to
maintain ties with public broadcasters overseas for
joint development and production of programs. The
Pacific Rim Co-Production Association (PacRim), the
Atlantic Co-Production Alliance and the Latin
American Initiative were parts of the consortium;
the groups included U.S. and foreign public
broadcasters.
VBI: The Vertical Blanking Interval is a
portion of the TV signal that carries, instead of
picture or sound, such additional information as
closed captioning, stock prices and other data. The
VBI consists of the first 21 lines of each of the
two interlaced fields that make up the TV picture.
Line 21 is designated to carry captioning data.
VOD: Video on demand is a service that
some observers believe will add nearly limitless
variety to cable and other addressable delivery
platforms. The viewer can choose a program among
many on a long menu and see it at any time.
VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminal is a
two-way satellite technology that transmits and
receives computer data and other narrow-bandwidth
material. In the reconstruction of public TV's
satellite system, PBS acquired VSAT equipment for
all public TV stations to give them interactive
capability, but the Internet now plays that
role.
VSB: 8-VSB (8 Level Vestigial Side Band)
is the modulation scheme chosen by the
industry-wide Advisory Committee on Advanced
Television Service, recommended by ATSC and adopted
by the FCC for DTV broadcasting in the U.S. After
limited tests that found weak reception with indoor
antennas, Sinclair Broadcast Group and other
companies petitioned the FCC in October 1999 to
permit DTV broadcasters to use COFDM, a technology
used in Europe, as well as 8-VSB. The FCC dismissed
the petition in February 2000, but said it would
conduct tests.
WARC: The World Administrative Radio
Conference is sponsored by the International
Telecommunications Union, a worldwide association
of national broadcasting authorities that regulates
technical aspects of international broadcasting.
WARCs are held irregularly to address issues in
communications technology.
WCPR: West Coast Public Radio, organized
in 1983, is a regional organization of stations in
Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Hawaii. WCPR provides
regional representation and training for
members.
West Coast Public Radio
President: Jim Paluzzi
c/o KBSU
1910 University Drive
Boise, ID 83725
208-426-3663
Fax: 208-344-6631
WICI: Women in Communications Inc. has
been reorganized as the Association for Women in
Communications. See AWC.
WIT: Western Instructional Television is
a for-profit company started in 1970. Unlike any
other instructional TV distributor, most of its
programming is produced in-house.
President: Donna Matson
Western Instructional Television
1438 N. Gower Street
Los Angeles, CA 90028
323-466-8601
Fax: 323-466-8895
WPR: Western Public Radio is the leading
training center for public radio producers and
production personnel. The nonprofit WPR was started
by former NPR West Coast News Editor Leo C. Lee in
1987 with a Markle Foundation grant. After Lee's
death in 1994, WPR and NFCB have shared
offices.
Western Public Radio
Fort Mason Center, Building D
San Francisco, CA 94123
415-771-1160
Web: www.nfcb.org/wpr.html
WRN: World Radio Network, based in
London, distributes by satellite programs from more
than 20 radio broadcasters, including NPR, PRI, ABC
Australia and Radio Netherlands. WRN1 is available
in North America via the Galaxy 5 satellite for
rebroadcast without charge on AM and FM stations
and on cable. WRN1 is available in Europe on the
Astra satellite; in Africa and the Middle East on
Intelsat 707; and in Asia and the Pacific on
AsiaSat2.
Director: Karl Miosga
World Radio Network
P.O. Box 1212
London SW8 2ZF, U.K.
+44-20-7896-9000
Fax: +44-20-7896-9007
E-mail: email@wrn.org
Web: www.wrn.org
More Name
Abbreviations -A to M
More Name
Abbreviations -N to Z
///
Respectfully
Submitted
Josie
Cory
Publisher/Editor
TVI Magazine
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