|
Television
With No Borders / GIVE
P
We
Preserve The Moment /
KASLC
A-M
This is the first half of a guide to the
alphabet soup of often-obscure names for
organizations and technologies in public
broadcasting and the electronic media.
Other sources:FCC Glossary of Telecommunications
Terms
________________________
ABU: The Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union
is a regional association of TV and radio networks
formed in 1964 to help develop radio and television
in the territories and countries from the western
end of Asia to the middle of the Pacific. CPB pays
annual fees for itself and other groups, giving
U.S. public broadcasters a passport to the world
broadcasting community.
Secretary General: Hugh
Leonard
Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union
P.O. Box 1164
59700 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Phone: +60-3-2282-5292
E-mail:
info@abu.org.my
Web: www.abu.org.my/main.htm
ACCM: The American Center for Children
and Media, based near Chicago, works in TV and
other media to encourage excellence in all media
for young people. The center holds seminars,
workshops, screenings and competitions to assist
children's media professionals, facilitate
collaboration with experts abroad, develop
guidelines and standards that recognize excellent
work and increase public awareness of high-quality
media. The center (formerly the American Center for
Children's Television) originated the American
Children's Television Festival, which presented the
Ollie Awards every other year to the best
children's shows. The award is named after the
dragon in the 1950s TV show Kukla, Fran &
Ollie. The first festival was held in 1985. The
center is a part of the American Telecommunications
Group, parent of CEN.
President: James Fellows
Executive Director: David W. Kleeman
American Center for Children and Media
1400 East Touhy Ave., Suite 260
Des Plaines, IL 60018
847-390-6499
Fax: 847-390-9435
E-mail: dkleeman@mcs.com
ACCT: American Center for Children's
Television. See ACCM, above.
ACE: The American Council on Education is
one of the oldest and most powerful of the trade
associations representing colleges and
universities. ACE, formed in 1918, is the issue
forum and lobbying locus for the heads of
institutions of higher education.
President: Stanley O.
Ikenberry
American Council on Education
One Dupont Circle, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036
202-939-9300
Fax: 202-833-4760
Web: www.acenet.edu
AECT: The Association for Educational
Communications and Technology began in 1923 as the
Department of Visual Instruction at the National
Education Association. Spun off in 1974, AECT is
now a membership organization that trains teachers,
administrators, professors and others in the use of
instructional technology.
Executive Director: Phil
Harris
Association for Educational Communications and
Technology
1800 North Stonelake Drive, Suite 2
Bloomington, IN 47401
812-335-7675
Fax: 812-335-7678
Web: www.aect.org
E-mail: aect@aect.org
AFI: Two years after President Lyndon B.
Johnson signed the National Arts and Humanities Act
in 1965, the American Film Institute was
established by the National Endowment for the Arts
to advance and preserve the art of the "moving
image" in film and television. AFI is based in Los
Angeles, but maintains a repertory theater at the
Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C.
Director: Jean
Firstenberg
American Film Institute
Web: www.afionline.org/home.html
2021 N. Western
Ave.
Los Angeles, CA 90027
323-856-7600
Fax: 323-467-4578
John F. Kennedy Center
for the Performing Arts
Washington, DC 20566
202-828-4000
Fax: 202-659-1970
AFTRA: If a broadcast reporter or actor
is "working for scale" you can thank the American
Federation of Television and Radio Artists, the
union of actors and on-air talent, founded in 1937.
The group comprises 30 locals and 80,000 members
who belong to the AFL-CIO.
Executive Director: Greg
Hessinger
American Federation of Television and Radio
Artists
260 Madison Ave., 7th Floor
New York, NY 10016
212-532-0800
E-mail: info@aftra.com
Web: www.aftra.org
AIR: The Association of Independents in
Radio represents independent audio producers, who
look to public radio as a major outlet for their
work and who provide some of its prize-winning
content. AIR holds national conferences for audio
independents every other year; publishes a
bimonthly newsletter, AirSpace; and
maintains an Online Producers Directory on its web
site.
Executive Director: Dolores
Brandon
Association of Independents in Radio
328 Flatbush Ave., #322
Brooklyn, NY 11238
888-937-2477
E-mail: air@airmedia.org
Web: www.airmedia.org
AIROS: American Indian Radio on Satellite
is a satellite service that distributes Native
American programming to public radio stations,
including Native-controlled stations. The service,
operated by Native American Public
Telecommunications (NAPT), is based at Nebraska
Educational Telecommunications, funded by CPB, and
receives free satellite carriage on the Public
Radio Satellite System. Major programs include
Native America Calling from Albuquerque and
National Native News from Anchorage.
American Indian Radio on
Satellite
1800 N. 33rd St., Lincoln, NE 68583
P.O. Box 83111, Lincoln, NE 68501
Phone: (402) 472-3278
Fax: (402) 472-3277
E-mail: airos@unl.edu
Web: airos.org
AIT: The Agency for Instructional
Technology (originally the Agency for Instructional
Television) is an American-Canadian company
that creates consortia of state and provincial
agencies and public TV stations, to develop,
produce, buy and distribute instructional
television programs and other instructional
materials. AIT also publishes a quarterly journal,
Technos, about education and technology,
and is the home of Technos Press.
Executive Director: Michael
F. Sullivan
Agency for Instructional Technology
1800 N. Stonelake Dr.
Bloomington, IN 47402-0120
800-457-4509 or 812-339-2203
Fax: 812-333-4218
E-mail: info@ait.net
Web: www.ait.net
AIVF: The Association of Independent
Video and Filmmakers is a professional association
for independent producers. In its first
year&emdash;1975&emdash;AIVF spearheaded the
successful fight against a change in copyright laws
that would have allowed public schools to copy
films and tapes at no charge. Since 1978, the
association has published The Independent Film
& Video Monthly.
Executive Director: Elizabeth
Peters
Association of Independent Video and Filmmakers
304 Hudson St., 6th floor
New York, NY 10013
212-807-1400
Fax: 212-463-8519
E-mail: info@aivf.org
Web: www.aivf.org
ALS: The PBS Adult Learning Service
pioneered the widespread use of for-credit
telecourses by colleges and universities. More than
250,000 people a year enroll in PBS' 50-plus
college credit telecourses. Students enroll in a
telecourse through a college of their choice, pay
the school tuition and fulfill the course
requirements set by a local faculty member.
Vice President, Lifelong
Learning: Will Philipp
PBS Adult Learning Service
1320 Braddock Place
Alexandria, VA 22314-1698
800-257-2578 or 703-739-5363
Fax: 703-739-8471
E-mail: als@pbs.org
Web: www.pbs.org/als
ALTV: The Association of Local Television
Stations was formed in 1972 as the Association of
Independent Television Stations (INTV) to represent
independent (non-network-affiliated) commercial TV
stations. It now represents Fox, UPN, WB and PaxNet
affiliates as well as actual independents.
President: James Hedlund
Association of Local Television Stations
1320 19th St., N.W., #300
Washington, DC 20036
202-887-1970
Fax: 202-887-0950
E-mail: altv@erols.com
or altv@aol.com
Web: www.altv.com
AMARC: The World Association of Community
Radio Broadcasters (Association mondiale des
radiodiffuseurs communautaires) is an international
group that serves the community radio movement. The
group believes the world needs a "new information
order based on more just and equitable exchanges
among peoples." AMARC has branch offices in South
Africa, Ecuador and Britain.
AMARC International
Secretariat
3575 Blvd. St-Laurent, Suite 611
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H2X 2T7
(514) 982-0351
Fax: (514) 849-7129
E-mail: secgen@amarc.org
Web: www.amarc.org
AMPPR: The Association of Music Personnel
in Public Radio, incorporated in 1982, publishes a
quarterly newsletter, Music Notes, and holds
the annual Music Personnel Conference for station
music directors and others who work with music
programming in public radio.
President: Dave Bunker
Association of Music Personnel in Public Radio
c/o Maine Public Radio
65 Texas Ave.
Bangor, ME 04401
207-941-1010
Fax: 207-942-2857
E-mail: dbunker@mpbc.org
Web: www.amppr.org
Annenberg/CPB Project: Funded by the
Annenberg Foundation and by fees for use of its
materials, the Project develops video courses and
web materials for grade-school teacher training and
operates the Annenberg/CPB Channel satellite
service. In earlier years, starting with its
founding in 1981, the project also developed
college-credit telecourses for the general
learner.
Director: Scott Roberts
The Annenberg/CPB Project
401 9th St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20004
202-879-9600
Fax: 202-879-9696
Web: www.
learner.org
E-mail: info@learner.org
APEX: Advertising and Promotion Exchange
is the former name of the PBS Advertising,
Promotion and Corporate Information department. It
was a clearinghouse for detailed information about
successful promotion and marketing activities at
public television stations.
APS: see APT, below
APT: American Public Television (formerly
American Program Service) acquires, sells and
distributes programming&emdash;much of it "how-to"
programs and British imports&emdash;to public TV
stations nationwide. APT was created in 1980 as the
Interregional Program Service by EEN (the Eastern
Educational Television Network), later was renamed
American Program Service and then American Public
Television in 1999. It has become public
television's second largest national program
acquisition and distribution system. APT introduced
Julia Child and the Three Tenors to national
acclaim, distributes Nightly Business Report
and Sessions at West 54th among other
programs and is active in the international TV
program marketplace.
President: Cynthia
Fenneman
American Public Television
120 Boylston St.
Boston, MA 02116
617-338-4455
Fax: 617-338-5369
E-mail:
info@aptvs.org
Web: www.aptvs.org
APTS: Association of Public Television
Stations is a national membership organization that
lobbies and undertakes planning/research projects
in the interests of the stations and noncommercial
TV in general. Until APTS was set up in 1980, the
function was performed by PBS. APTS was known in
its early years as NAPTS, the National
Association of Public Television Stations.
President: John Lawson
America's Public Television Stations
666 11th St., N.W., Suite 1100
Washington, D.C. 20001
202-654-4200
Fax: 202-654-4236
E-mail: tina@apts.org
Web: www.apts.org
AQH: Average Quarter Hour audience is the
average number of people in the audience during a
15-minute ratings survey period. The number, in
thousands of people, is the basic ratings
measurement in radio.
ARA: Audience Research Analysis is a
private consulting company founded by onetime NPR
research chief David Giovannoni, which is a leading
source of audience analysis and data, based in
large part on Arbitron ratings. ARA managed several
major CPB-funded studies of public radio audiences
and offers Audigraphics audience data in chart
form.
President: David
Giovannoni
Audience Research Analysis
7108 Horizon Terrace
Derwood, MD 20855-1337
301-987-2514
Fax: 301-987-2511
E-mail: ara@aranet.com
Web: www.aranet.com
ASCAP: American Society of Composers,
Authors and Publishers, one of the two big
organizations of music copyright holders, founded
in 1914. ASCAP collects royalties for composers,
advocates for copyright protection and negotiates
industry-wide royalty rates.
President: Marilyn
Bergman
ASCAP
1 Lincoln Plaza
New York, NY 10023
212-621-6000
Fax: 212-724-9064
Web: ascap.com
ATAS: The Academy of Television Arts
& Sciences, founded in 1946 and based in the
Los Angeles area, presents the annual primetime
Emmy awards, offers a series of events in its L.A.
headquarters, and publishes Emmy magazine.
NATAS, a sister organization in New York, handles
news, daytime and sports programs and has chapters
around the country.
President: James Chabin
Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
5220 Lankershim Blvd.
North Hollywood, CA 91601
818-754-2800
Fax: 818-761-2827
Web: www.emmys.org
ATG: The American Telecommunications
Group is the new parent organization of CEN, the
Central Educational Network, and its related
organizations. CEN, formed in 1967, was one of the
four major regional public TV networks that had
formed by the 1970s. The others are the Eastern
Educational Television Network (no longer active as
an association, it is now a program distributor,
APT), Pacific Mountain Network (now inactive as an
association) and the Southern Educational
Communications Association (reborn in 1997 as a
national organization, NETA). CEN provides
representation and other services for member public
TV stations largely in the Midwest and Northeast.
Other affiliated organizations in ATG include CPM
(Continental Program Marketing), a program
distributor; ACCM (American Center for Children and
Media); the Hartford Gunn Institute, a planning and
research unit; and the Benton Academy for Public
Telecommunications, a professional training
arm.
President: James A.
Fellows
American Telecommunications Group
1400 East Touhy, Suite 260
Des Plaines, IL 60018-3305
847-390-8700
Fax: 847-390-9435
Web: www2.tcom.ohiou.edu/hetc/cen.html
ATSC: The Advanced Television Systems
Committee is a broadcasters/manufacturers industry
association that documented the Grand Alliance
digital TV system, which the FCC adopted in 1996,
and is still working to encourage and facilitate
the development of the family of ATSC specs for
digital TV transmission. The standard has become
known as the ATSC standard, just as the original
U.S. standard is known as "NTSC" (see NTSC). ATSC
worked with the FCC's official Advisory Committee
on Advanced Television Service, which coordinated
the selection criteria, system analysis, laboratory
and field testing and allocation parameters that
were proposed by the ATSC to the FCC.
Executive Director: Mark
Richer
Advanced Television Systems Committee
1750 K St., N.W., Suite 1200
Washington, DC 20006
202-828-3130
Fax: 202-828-3131
Web: atsc.org
ATV: Advanced Television was the FCC's
term for the range of new television transmission
technologies (including HDTV) considered for
establishment in this country, but the acronym has
been superceded by DTV (digital television).
[Current
Briefing.]
AWRT: American Women in Radio and
Television is an organization of women in
broadcasting and allied fields established in
1951.
Executive Director: Jacci
Duncan
American Women in Radio and Television
1595 Spring Hill Rd., Suite 330
Tyson's Corner
Vienna, VA 22182
703-506-3290
Fax: 703-506-3266
Web: www.awrt.org
AWC: The Association for Women in
Communications, formerly WICI (Women in
Communications Inc.) is an old and respected
advocacy group for women in the media. AWC
organizes the annual Clarion Awards competition.
Formed in 1909, it focuses on the journalism and
public relations industries.
Executive Director: Patricia
Troy
Association for Women in Communications
1244 Ritchie Highway, Suite 6
Arnold, MD 21012
410-544-7442
Fax: 410-544-4640
Web: www.womcom.org
BBC: The British Broadcasting Corp. is
known in the U.S. primarily as a supplier of
quality public TV and radio programs. The BBC is
the largest production house in the world, annually
turning out more than 5,200 hours of TV and radio
programming. BBC Worldwide Americas, a
profit-seeking division that absorbed the separate
syndicator Lionheart Television, sells BBC programs
in the Western Hemisphere.
BBC Worldwide Americas
747 3rd Ave.
New York, NY 10017
212-705-9300
Fax: 212-888-0576
Web: www.bbc.co.uk
BDA: BDA International, the Broadcast
Designers Association, is an international
organization formed in 1978 with members in the TV
graphics, animation, photography and effects
industries. It organizes annual seminars and design
competitions, acts as an employment clearinghouse
and awards scholarships.
President: Glynn
Brailsford
BDA International
2029 Century Park East, Suite 555
Los Angeles, CA 90067
310-712-0040
Fax: 310-712-0039
E-mail: BDAnet@aol.com
Web: www.bdaonline.org
BEA: The Broadcast Education Association,
under the wing of the National Association of
Broadcasters, was established in 1955 to bring
professional broadcasters into the college
classroom and arrange projects putting
communications professors into broadcasting
environments.
Executive Director: Louisa A.
Nielsen
Broadcast Education Association
1771 N St., N.W.
Washington, DC 20036-2891
202-429-5354
Web: www.beaweb.org
BMI: Broadcast Music Inc. is the younger
of the two large organizations (BMI was founded in
1940) that represent composers, music publishers
and other copyright holders. The other is
ASCAP.
President: Frances W.
Preston
BMI
320 W. 57th St.
New York, NY 10019-3790
212-586-2000
Fax: 212-245-8986
Web: bmi.com
BPME: Former name of Promax
International, the Broadcast Promotion and
Marketing Executives Association. See Promax.
BTSC: The Broadcast Television Systems
Committee developed the stereo sound system used
today for TV in the United States. The system
provides not only stereo sound but also a secondary
audio program (SAP) channel and a low-quality
communications channel for broadcasters' use. BTSC
was a joint effort by the Electronics Industry
Association (now the Consumer Electronics
Association) and the NAB.
CATs: The Community Advocate Teams of
APTS consist of lay (non-staff) representatives of
stations, volunteers and volunteer-staff liaison
who educate Congress and support public TV's
legislative agenda. CATs were formed in 1995
through collaboration between APTS and NFPB.
Diane Papedo
National Volunteer Coordinator
303-620-5710
E-mail: d_papedo@krma.pbs.org
Suzanne Stokes
APTS Grassroots Coordinator
202-887-1700
E-mail: suzanne@apts.org
CBC: The Canadian Broadcasting Corp.,
created in 1936, is Canada's publicly funded (but
not strictly noncommercial) broadcaster, which
operates radio (noncommercial) and television
(limited commercial) networks in both English and
French (SRC, Societe Radio Canada), as well as
cable networks and Canada's overseas broadcast
voice, Radio Canada International. CBC receives
some $800 million in annual assistance from the
Canadian federal government.
President: Robert
Rabinovitch
Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
P.O. Box 3220, Station C
Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 1E4, Canada
613-724-1200
Web: www.cbc.ca
CEI: The Center for Education Initiatives
is a national service of the American
Telecommunications Group (ATG), that supports
access by schools and other related agencies to
instructional television and associated materials
available from producers.
Contact: Mark Gorelczenko
Center for Education Initiatives
c/o American Telecommunications Group
1400 East Touhy, Suite 260
Des Plaines, IL 60018-3305
847-390-8700
Fax: 847-390-9435
E-mail: ceninfo@mcs.net
CEN: see ATG, above.
CIPB: Citizens for Independent Public
Broadcasting is a new independent membership group
"dedicated to putting the public back into public
broadcasting." Launched with foundation funding in
November 1999, CIPB favors independence for public
broadcasting from corporate and government
influence.
Executive Director: Jerold M.
Starr
Citizens for Independent Public Broadcasting
Manor Oak Two, Suite 441, 1910 Cochran Road,
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15220
(412) 563-4150
E-mail: cipb@cais.com
Web: www.cipbonline.org
COFDM: Coded
Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing is a
modulation technology used for digital TV
broadcasting in Europe. It is less susceptible to
ghosting or multipath interference than early
generations of U.S. DTV standard receivers using
8-VSB modulation. Some U.S. broadcasters, led by
Sinclair Broadcast Group, have urged the FCC to
permit the use of COFDM in addition to 8-VSB. See
also VSB.
CPB: The Corporation for Public
Broadcasting is the nonprofit corporation
authorized by Congress in 1967 to develop
noncommercial TV and radio. The organization is in
the difficult position of both upholding the public
interest as seen by Congress and insulating the
public broadcasters from undue interference by
politicians. CPB funds public television and radio
stations directly with Community Service Grants,
supports productivity and revenue-development
initiatives through its Future Fund, and assists
program production through its Radio and Television
Program Funds. See also Annenberg/CPB.
President: Robert T.
Coonrod
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
401 9th St., N.W.
Washington, DC 20004
202-879-9600
Fax: 202-879-9700
Web: www.cpb.org
CPM: Continental Program Marketing is a
national service of the American Telecommunications
Group (ATG) that assists program distributors in
reaching public television stations. Some CPM
programs are distributed without charge and others
for a fee.
Contact: Joan C. Lence
Continental Program Marketing
c/o American Telecommunications Group
1400 East Touhy, Suite 260
Des Plaines, IL 60018-3305
847-390-8700
Fax: 847-390-9435
E-mail: ceninfo@mcs.net
CSG: The Community Service Grant is the
basic operating support that stations receive from
CPB. Derived from CPB's federal appropriation, it
is one of the few station funding sources that is
not earmarked for certain uses. It includes a flat
base grant plus a variable "incentive grant"
component based on the amount of nonfederal money
raised by the station (NFFS). The base grant
assures that small stations receive a substantial
amount, and the incentive grant encourages stations
to work on local fundraising.
CSRG: The Community Station Resource
Group is an informal "affinity group" of large
community-licensee (freestanding nonprofit) public
TV stations that came together in the mid-1990s,
following the model of public radio's Station
Resource Group. In 1996, William Kobin, the former
president of KCET in Los Angeles, became a
consultant representing the stations' interests.
The group is parallel to the earlier-formed
Organization of State Broadcasting Executives,
which represents state-owned public broadcasting
organizations.
Contact: William Kobin
CSRG
2716 Westridge Rd.
Los Angeles, CA 90049
310-472-1473
CTI: Formed in 1979, Children's
Television International is a nonprofit corporation
that produces and distributes instructional TV
programs for children and young adults to public
stations and education agencies.
President: Ray Gladfelter
Children's Television International/Glad
Productions Inc.
25451 Planting Field Dr.
South Riding, VA 20152
703-327-6467
CTW: Children's Television Workshop. See
Sesame Workshop.
CWEIS: The Community Wide Education and
Information Services initiative (now discontinued)
was launched in the early 1990s by CPB to encourage
the development of local online networks involving
public broadcasters and other community groups by
providing partial funding. Pronounced
"sea-weiss."
DAB: Digital Audio Broadcasting is the
next generation of radio, using digital instead of
analog technology for transmission. DAB is expected
to develop with broadcasts from DBS satellites as
well as from ordinary terrestrial transmitters.
DACS: Direct Access Communications System
(pronounced "dax") is the acronym for electronic
text messaging systems used by PBS and NPR between
the early 1970s and the mid-1990s for distribution
of internal schedules, memos, advisories and other
messages between the stations and their national
and regional organizations. In 1995 PBS replaced
the DACS with PBS Express, based on newer computer
technology.
DBA: Public TV's Digital Broadcasting
Alliance was formed in 1996 to further cooperation
among the public TV stations planning to experiment
with digital TV transmissions. Initial members were
WETA, Washington, D.C.; KCTS, Seattle; and Oregon
Public Broadcasting, Portland. WMVS, Milwaukee, and
WGBH, Boston, joined later.
DBS: The idea of Direct Broadcast
Satellite was introduced with fanfare in the early
1980s and became reality in the 1990s. Three
commercial services are now distributing a
cable-like menu of TV channels nationwide.
Subscribers use small satellite dishes to receive
the signal from high-powered satellites.
Enterpreneurs are now planning similar digital
satellite systems in radio.
DDS: Often confused with DBS, Direct
Delivery by Satellite is the transmission of
educational and instructional courses directly to
schools and colleges using satellites and
conventional dish antennas.
DEI: The Development Exchange, Inc., is a
membership organization that fosters effective
fundraising in public radio and holds the annual
Public Radio Development/Marketing Conference every
spring. It was founded in 1982 as a spinoff of
CPB's discontinued radio development activity, and
moved to Minneapolis in 1997.
The Development Exchange,
Inc.
1645 Hennepin Ave., Suite 312
Minneapolis, MN 55403
888-454-2314
Fax: 612-677-1508
President: Douglas J. Eichten
E-mail: info@deiworksite.org
Web: www.deiworksite.org
DMA: Designated Market Area is the
geographic unit used in Nielsen Media Research
television ratings.
DOIT: Digital Opportunity Investment
Trust, a federally endowed fund for support of
digital content production proposed by Lawrence
Grossman and Newton Minow in April 2001.
Digital Promise Project
Web: www.digitalpromise.org
DSL: Digital Subscriber Line is a recent
technology that speeds up the transmission of data
on an ordinary phone line, permitting broadband
services to offices and homes within a short
distance of a telephone company central office.
DTV: Digital television. A catchall
acronym for all the types of television
broadcasting that use digital encoding and
transmission. In the United States, DTV
broadcasting began by a few stations in 1998. By
the end of 2000, more than 160 stations were
broadcasting digital signals, reaching more than 65
percent of U.S. households with TV.
DVS: Descriptive Video Service is a free
service carried by some public television stations
on the SAP (Separate Audio Program) channel to make
television accessible to people who are visually
impaired, by providing narrated descriptions of key
visual elements without interfering with dialogue.
DVS was developed by WGBH-TV, and launched as a
permanent national service over PBS in January
1990.
Director: Raymond Joyce
Descriptive Video Service
WGBH
125 Western Ave.
Boston, MA 02134
617-300-5400
Fax: 617-300-1026
Web: www.wgbh.org/dvs
EBU: The European Broadcasting Union, an
association of public service broadcasters formed
in 1950, is the primary distributor of news and
sports programming in Western Europe, operating the
13-channel Eurovision system. CPB's membership in
the EBU gives U.S. public broadcasters an entree to
international broadcasting.
President: Albert Scharf
European Broadcasting Union
17A Ancienne Route
Case postal 67
CH-1218 Grand-Saconnex/
Geneva, Switzerland
+41-22-717-2111
E-mail: ebu@ebu.ch
Web: www.ebu.ch/
EDISON: EDISON stood for Educational
Information Service Online, a computer network for
public broadcasters operated by CEN (Central
Educational Network) until it was discontinued in
1995&emdash;one of many "dial-up" bulletin board
services that have been superceded by the
Internet.
EEN: The Eastern Educational Television
Network, the early interconnection of major public
TV stations in the East, remains under a new name
as the second largest program distributor in public
TV. In the 1990s it was renamed APS and then APT.
For years the organization served as one of the
four major regional public TV networks (see CEN and
APT listings) that provided regional representation
and program acquisition and distribution services
to their member stations. EEN was established in
1959 by Hartford Gunn, then president of
WGBH-TV/FM, Boston, to provide interconnection and
programs for northeastern stations.
EIIG: The Earned Income Initiatives Group
is an informal group of public TV stations that
lobbied Congress and PBS in 1995-96 for changes in
regulations to permit stations to increase revenues
from quasi-commercial sources. The group included
such major stations as Chicago's WTTW and St.
Louis's KETC.
EPG: An Electronic Program Guide on a
cable system, a DBS service or in DTV permits a
viewer to choose a program from a menu and be
switched to the appropriate channel
automatically.
EPR: This association of public radio
stations is the descendant of Eastern Public Radio
Network, formed in 1958 to distribute public radio
programming. With the advent of NPR's
interconnection system in the late 1970s and the
rise of American Public Radio as a distributor,
EPR's national importance declined. Member stations
now turn to it for representation and training and
as an issue forum.
Executive Director: Tom
Livingston
Eastern Public Radio
4005 Iva Lane
Fairfax, VA 22032
703-978-6970
Fax: 703-978-5980
E-mail: livingst@erols.com
Web: www.easternpublicradio.org
eXploreRadio: A
partnership between NPR and Minnesota Public Radio
announced in March 1999 that offers live webcasts,
online chats, an NPR news ticker, MPR's Radio Scout
feature and other services to enhance local public
radio stations' web sites. See also the competing
service, PI.
Web: www.mpr.org/exploreradio
M.J. Bear
E-mail: mjbear@npr.org
Jon McTaggart
E-mail: jmctaggart@mpr.org
FCC: The Communications Act of 1934
created the Federal Communications Commission as an
independent agency to regulate interstate
communications. The National Association of
Educational Broadcasters persuaded the FCC to
reserve five radio channels nationwide for
educational broadcasting in 1938, paving the way in
1952 to reserve 242 local TV channels.
Chairman: William E.
Kennard
Federal Communications Commission
445 12th St., S.W.
Washington, DC 20554
888-225-5322
Fax: 202-418-0232
E-mail: fccinfo@fcc.gov
Web: www.fcc.gov
GPN: GPN, founded as the Great Plains
National Instructional Television Library, is one
of the instructional media supermarkets. Formed in
1962, it is a service agency of Nebraska
Educational Telecommunications in Lincoln. GPN is a
developer, producer and distributor of media
resources, including Reading Rainbow, which
it coproduces with WNED-TV, Buffalo, NY.
Director: Stephen C.
Lenzen
GPN
P.O. Box 80669
Lincoln, NE 68501
800-228-4630
Fax: 800-306-2330
E-mail: gpn@unl.edu
Web: net.unl.edu/media_srv/gpn.html
GRP: Gross Rating Points is a measure of
the volume or raw "tonnage" of audience response to
a program. Specifically, it's the sum of all the
average quarter-hour (or sometimes average
half-hour) ratings accumulated within a period. It
reflects both the number of households that tune in
(the "cume") and the frequency with which they
watch.
HDTV: High Definition Television will
bring wide-screen, high-resolution pictures and
multichannel, compact-disc-quality sound to
broadcast TV. The pictures attempt to equal 35mm
film in image quality. Analog HDTV systems were
developed in the late 1970s by Japanese
Broadcasting Corp. (NHK), and U.S. firms later
developed digital systems, including the so-called
Grand Alliance or ATSC system. The ATSC system
encompasses 18 different picture formats, including
six that deliver true HDTV, including 1920 x 1080
pixels (1080 lines) and 1280x720 pixels (720
lines). All six have 16:9 aspect ratios (ratio of
width to height). The FCC adopted parts of that
system as the national DTV transmission standard in
1996. HDTV is only one format that can be broadcast
by DTV. See also SDTV.
HETC: The Higher Education
Telecommunications Consortium is a national service
of the American Telecommunications Group (ATG),
created to serve as a meeting ground and action
group to assist colleges and universities in their
management of licensed telecommunications and radio
operations.
Contact: Douglas L. Myrland,
KPBS
Higher Education Telecommunications Consortium
c/o American Telecommunications Group
1400 East Touhy, Suite 260
Des Plaines, IL 60018-3305
619-594-1515 (KPBS) or 847-390-8700 (ATG)
Fax: 619-265-6417 (KPBS) or 847-390-9435 (ATG)
Web sites: www2.tcom.ohiou.edu/hetc/
and www.outreach.usf.edu/hetcdl/
E-mail: dmyrland@kpbs.org
or ceninfo@mcs.net
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is a
simple coding of text on a web page that displays
it on a browser. When a user clicks on a coded
hypertext link, it causes the browser to call up
another specified web page.
HUT: Homes Using Television is a measure
of the percentage of households in a market or in
the country using their TV sets at a given time of
day. The HUT is approximately the sum of ratings of
all the broadcasters in a given area.
IAAIS: International Association of Audio
Information Services, formerly NAARS (National
Association of Radio Reading Services), was founded
in 1977 for interaction among local radio reading
services and other broadcast offerings for the
blind and print-handicapped. Its mission:
"encourage and support the establishment and
maintenance of services which provide access to
printed information for individuals who cannot read
conventional print because of blindness or any
other visual, physical or learning disability."
Most reading services broadcast over subcarriers of
FM stations (often public radio stations), which
are picked up using special receivers. But other
reading services use SAP channels of TV signals and
other transmission media. The group's legal name is
still NAARS.
President: Ben Martin
International Association of Audio Information
Services
c/o WZTS
4235 Electric Rd., Suite 105
Roanoke, VA 24014
800-280-5325
Fax: 540-776-2927
E-mail: revtraskusa@netscape.net
Web: www.iaais.org
IBOC: In-Band On-Channel describes the
technology chosen by the U.S. radio industry for
digital radio broadcasting and proposed for FCC
adoption as the national standard. The technology
expedites the industry's transition to digital
transmission by putting both the new digital signal
and the old analog signal in the same spectrum
&emdash; in the same AM or FM band and on the same
channel. Digital TV, in contrast, will be
transmitted on separate channels.
IBS: The Intercollegiate Broadcasting
System, formed in 1940, is an association for
noncommercial, student-staffed college radio
stations.
President: Norm Prusslin
Intercollegiate Broadcasting System, Inc.
367 Windsor Highway
New Windsor, NY 12553-7900
845-565-0003 NEW
AREA CODE
Fax: 845-565-7446 NEW
AREA CODE
E-mail: ibshq@aol.com
Web: www.ibsradio.org/
INPUT: INPUT is the annual international
screening conference for the exchange of program
ideas among producers, programmers and others
involved in the making of good and innovative
programming for public television. INPUT brings
together hundreds of professionals from dozens of
countries for frank discussions and screening of
programs from around the world. Capetown, South
Africa, is the site of the next event at the end of
April 2001.
Contact: Amy Shumaker
U.S. INPUT Secretariat
South Carolina ETV
1101 George Rogers Blvd.
Columbia, SC 29201
803-737-3433
Fax: 803-737-3435
E-mail: shumacher@scetv.org
Web: www.scetv.org/input/
INTV: Association of Independent
Television Stations, the old name of ALTV.
ITFS: Instructional Television Fixed
Service is the FCC's name for a licensed service
using multichannel microwave transmitters to
distribute educational programming from one
distribution point to several receiving locations,
such as public school systems, businesses and other
institutions. Many universities, schools and other
ITFS operators help support their service by
leasing out some of their channels to commercial
"wireless cable" operators, known to the FCC as
MMDS (Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service)
operators.
ITS: International Telecommunications
Services Inc. distributes instructional programming
to public radio and TV stations and educational
institutions.
President: Bill Barnhart
Sr.
ITS
2492 Freetown Dr.
Reston, VA 22091
703-476-4468
Fax: 703-476-2860
Web: its.itmonline.com
ITVA: The International Television
Association has been renamed Media Communications
Association. See MCA.
ITC: The Instructional Telecommunications
Council is a national nonprofit organization that
represents postsecondary institutions using
distance learning. ITC is an affiliated council of
the American Association of Community Colleges, but
members include four-year colleges and other
institutions and individuals in addition to
two-year schools. The council sponsors the annual
Telelearning Conference.
Executive Director: Chris
Dalziel
Instructional Telecommunications Council
One Dupont Circle, N.W., Suite 410
Washington, D.C. 20036
202-293-3110
Fax: 202-833-2467
E-mail: cdalziel@aacc.nche.edu
Web: www.sinclair.edu/community/itc/
ITVS: The Independent Television Service
is a production-funding and distribution mechanism
that supports the work of independent film and
video makers on public television. Created in 1988
in response to a congressional directive to CPB,
and funded by CPB, ITVS is committed to increasing
public TV's diversity, innovation and programming
for underserved audiences. ITVS was headquartered
at first in Twin Cities and moved to San Francisco
in 1997.
Executive Director: Sally Jo
Fifer
ITVS
501 York St.
San Francisco, CA 94110
415-356-8383
Fax: 415-356-8391
E-mail:
itvs@itvs.org
Web: www.itvs.org
Kidsnet: Kidsnet, a nonprofit,
subscription clearinghouse launched in 1986,
maintains detailed computerized information on
children's programs and public service
announcements that have appeared on public and
commercial TV, radio and cable. Kidsnet's primary
subscribers are state education agencies, libraries
and public broadcasting entities.
Executive Director: Karen
Jaffe
Kidsnet
6856 Eastern Ave., N.W., Suite 208
Washington, DC 20012
202-291-1400
Fax: 202-882-7315
E-mail: kidsnet@aol.com
Web: www.kidsnet.org
LAG: Legislative Advisory Group, a
committee of public TV station executives that
advises APTS on legislative matters. Previously and
unfortunately known as SLAG (Station Legislative
Advisory Group). See APTS.
Lark: Lark International, a program
development collaboration among public TV stations,
was founded in 1992 by WTVS in Detroit and KCTS in
Seattle, and expanded in 1996 to include KUHT in
Houston and KETC in St. Louis. It develops
international projects in financing, developing and
distributing video and film projects for all
media.
Contact: Kay Ingram
Lark International
c/o KCTS
401 Mercer St.
Seattle, WA 98109
Web: www.kcts.org/inside/lark.htm
LInCS: Local Independents Collaborating
with Stations is a grant program operated by ITVS.
Matching grants of up to $65,000 are awarded to
assist production partnerships between public TV
stations and independent producers. Successor to
SIPP.
Contact: Heidi Schuster
ITVS
415-356-8383, ext. 230
E-mail: Heidi_Schuster@itvs.pbs.org
LPB: Latino Public Broadcasting was
selected in a 1999 competition to serve as the
CPB-funded minority consortium representing Latino
producers and audiences. It supports production and
distribution for public TV programs by and about
Hispanic Americans. The project succeeds the
National Latino Communications Center (NLCC), which
lost CPB aid the previous year after financial
problems surfaced.
Executive Director: Marlene
Dermer
Latino Public Broadcasting Project
6777 Hollywood Blvd., Suite 500
Los Angeles, CA 90028
323-466-7110
Fax: 323-466-7521
E-mail: lpb@lpbp.org
Web: www.lpbp.org
MCA: Media Communications Association,
formerly International Television Association, is a
worldwide organization of visual communications
practitioners including corporate and industrial
nonbroadcast video professionals. It keeps tabs on
the most recent production techniques and
hardware.
Executive Director:
Christopher Painchaud
International Television Association
9202 N. Meridian St., Suite 200
Indianapolis, IN 46260-1810
317-816-6269
Fax: 800-801-8926
E-mail: I_need_help@itva.org
Web: www.itva.org
MHz: Megahertz --
one is equal to 1,000 Hertz, or 1,000 cycles per
second &emdash; is the measure used to indicate the
frequency of an FM or TV channel. The bandwidth of
the channel, from the top frequency to the bottom,
is also measured in megahertz.
MIFED: The Italian acronym for Mercato
Internazionale del Film e del Documentario, MIFED
is one of the larger international film and TV
program marketplaces, scheduled each fall in
Italy.
MIFED
Fiero Milano
Largo Domodossola
1-20145 Milan, Italy
39-0248012912
Fax: 39-0249977020
E-mail: mifed@fmd.it
Web: www.fmd.it/mifed/
MIP-TV: MIP-TV is the French acronym for
Marche International des Programmes de Television,
the large international programming festival and
marketplace scheduled every spring in Cannes,
France. The related MIPCOM Market&emdash;the Marche
International des Films et des Programmes pour la
TV, la Video, le Cable et les Satellites&emdash;is
held annually in the fall.
MIP
Reed Midem
475 Park Ave. South, 2nd floor
New York, NY 10016
212-689-4220
Web for MIP: www.miptv.com
Web for MIPCOM: www.mipcom.com
MPEG: Motion
Pictures Expert Group is an international
standards-setting body that has specified standards
for digital audio and video recording, among other
things. MP3 is the most famous audio standard
specified by the organization.
MSA: Metro Survey Area is Arbitron's
geographic survey area for radio ratings that
corresponds with local governmental boundaries. MSA
+ non-metro counties = TSA (Total Survey Area),
according to RRC.
More Name
Abbreviations -A to M
More Name
Abbreviations -N to Z
///
Respectfully
Submitted
Josie
Cory
Publisher/Editor
TVI Magazine
TVI
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Web
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